出国留学首选一诺留学

　　GMAT阅读考试文章都来源于英美国家权威的学术论文，文章在挑选上都很有讲究，特别是文章结构和用词。因此，考生在进行阅读训练时要格外关注层次结构起承转合以及选项特征，这对于提升阅读和写作都会很有好处。做阅读训练首先要做好时间安排和规划，时间充裕的考生可以把自己的进度安排的轻松些，对于一些细节问题则有时间细细研究。对于时间紧迫的考生来说可以加快备考进度，但不管采用哪种备考方案，对于GMAT官方指南的使用都不能马虎。下面小编将结合具体的文章为大家详细介绍一下：

　　Jon Clark’s study of the effect of the modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance work and workers is a solid contribution to a debate that encompasses two lively issues in the history and sociology of technology: technological determinism and social constructivism. Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a technology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization. Put more strongly, technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization….Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments. Theoretically he defines “technology” in terms of relationships between social and technical variables. Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is just scrap unless it is organized functionally and supported by appropriate systems of operation and maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semielectronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers. Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor union  s negotiated the introduction of the technology, whereas others are seen as arising from the capabilities and nature of the technology itself. Clark helps answer the question: “When is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important?”

　　文章脉络：

　　第一段：文章一开始就对Clark’s的研究对科技决定论和社会构成论之间争论的贡献进行了肯定，接着引出Clark’s的观点，并列举Braveman等的社会构成轮的内容。

　　第二段：作者指出了主流的社会构成论存在证据不足，利用Clark’s的研究对其进行批判，并提出自己的观点--科技决定的社会构成论。

　　训练GMAT阅读技巧要达到一篇文章在你眼中不再是一堆字，而是有结构的，做题时根本不用去细读这句话里深层含义是什么，而是应该读出这篇文章的结构。这样在遇到细节题的时候才能够快速确定选项所在的段落，从而准确定位。

　　The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　(A)advocate a more positive attitude toward technological change

　　(B) discuss the implications for employees of the modernization of a telephone exchange

　　(C) consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological change

　　(D) challenge the position of advocates of technological determinism

　　(E) suggest that the social causes of technological change should be studied in real situations

　　选项分析：

　　(A) 文章主要对变革在社会中的角色进行了讨论，并没有对科技变革倡导更积极地态度。

　　(B) 讨论电话交换机对员工生活的影响，只是一个论据，不能作为文章的主旨。

　　(C) 正确，文章主要是对构成主义者技术变革观点的成功挑战。

　　(D) 文章主要是对构成主义者技术变革观点的成功挑战，而不是科学决定型的观点。

　　(E) 文章没有提到科技变化的社会原因。

　　以上是关于GMAT阅读训练真题解析的详细内容,同学们如果还有任何关于出国留学的问题，可以拨打一诺留学的免费热线400-003-6508或者010-62680991进行咨询，或者点击一诺留学官方网站http://www.yinuoedu.net/页面的“在线咨询”与一诺留学专家直接对话。微信订阅号：留学圈 (微信帐号：yinuoliuxue )