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　　一：GMAT语法which指代用法

　　1、关系代词which在定语从句中作主语和宾语,放在先行词和定语从句之间。

　　2、which在从句中作主语时,不能省略.作宾语时在口语中和非正式问题中经常省略。

　　3、非限定性定语从句,无论指物指人,都不能用that,指物时,只能用which和其他关系代词。

　　二：GMAT语法which指代句子形式

　　1、which指代主句宾语：s+v+o,which指代0(svo,which指代s一定错!)

　　2、which指代主句主语s：s+v,which

　　3、介词+which=连词：

　　1)s+v(+o)+prep+which

　　2)s+v(+o),prep+which

　　例如：I will buy this book from which I study a lot.(无连接词，需要用“介词+which”结构连接)

　　4、介词+that=名词，例如I will buy this book because from that I study a lot.(有because作为连接词，不用“介词+which”结构连接)

　　三：GMAT语法which指代情况

　　1、就近修饰：一般情况下，“名词，which”中的which是就近修饰紧邻的名词的。这种例子多的不胜枚举。一般例子就不用举了，在特殊例子“A of B, which”(注：这里的of表示从属关系)中，从属关系“A of B，which”中的which也是就近修饰紧邻的名词B。但是需要注意的是，在“SVO,which”句型中，如果which指代S一定错误，which如果指代主语，这样使用：s+verb,which。

　　2、跳跃修饰：在前面有“核心词+介词、分词等修饰结构”或者插入语的情况下，which跳跃修饰前面的核心词，不能修饰紧邻的名词。

　　四：GMAT语法which指代真题解析

　　1、Clouds are formed from the evaporation of the oceans’ water that is warmed by the Sun and rises high into the atmosphere, condensing in tiny droplets on minute particles of dust.

　　A. Clouds are formed from the evaporation of the oceans’ water that is warmed by the Sun and rises high into the atmosphere, condensing in tiny droplets on minute particles of dust.

　　B. Clouds form by the Sun’s warmth evaporating the water in the oceans, which rises high into the atmosphere, condensing in tiny droplets on minute particles of dust.

　　C. Warmed by the Sun, ocean water evaporates, rises high into the atmosphere, and condenses in tiny droplets on minute particles of dust to form clouds

　　D. The water in the oceans evaporates, warmed by the Sun, rises high into the atmosphere, and condenses in tiny droplets on minute particles of dust, which forms clouds

　　E. Ocean water, warmed by the Sun, evaporates and rises high into the atmosphere, which then condenses in tiny droplets on minute particles of dust to form as clouds

　　翻译：被太阳温暖，海洋的水汽化，上升到大气层然后凝结成小水珠形成云。

　　句式：Warmed by..., ocean water evaporates, rises and condenses....

　　思路：WHICH的修饰;表示逻辑的三个动作应该平行。

　　选项：

　　A. Condensing这里会修饰句子的逻辑主语，如果需要修饰水的话应该改成condenses;

　　B. Which指代错误;

　　C. 正确;

　　D. Which指代错误;

　　E. Which指代错误。

　　2、Most European countries offer a variety of programs for assisting working parents, which include paid maternity and paternity leaves, financial allowances for families with children, and they subsidize public nurseries and kindergartens.

　　A. for assisting working parents, which include paid maternity and paternity leaves, financial allowances for families with children, and they subsidize

　　B. for the assistance of working parents, to include paid maternity and paternity leaves, also financial allowances for families with children, and subsidizing

　　C. in order to assist working parents, to include paid maternity and paternity leaves, financial allowances for families with children, and to subsidize

　　D. to assist working parents, which includes paid maternity and paternity leaves, financial allowances for families with children, and they also subsidize

　　E. to assist working parents, including paid maternity and paternity leaves, financial allowances for families with children, and subsidized

　　翻译：大多数欧洲国家提供了多种方案协助工作的父母，包括带薪产假，有孩子家庭的财政补贴，并且他们也补贴的公立托儿所和幼儿园。

　　句式：Most European countries offer a variety of programs to assist.....,and subsidized...

　　思路：Which和ing之间的区别。

　　选项：

　　A. Which指代错误;表示目的用to,表示原因用for doing;

　　B. 表示目的用to,表示原因用for doing; 表示内容描述，不能用表示目的的to include;

　　C. 三者平行导致语义错误，include修饰前面的工作父母;

　　D. Which指代错误;

　　E. 正确。

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