出国留学首选一诺留学

　　Which修饰：Crime has recently decreased in our neighborhood, WHICH has led to a rise in property values.在这里，which根据就近修饰原则，应该修饰前面的neighborhood，但语义上，不可能是neighborhood led to a rise in property values.

　　Ving修饰：Crime has recently decreased in our neighborhood, leading to a rise in property values.这句话里，把原来的which修饰替换成了ving(leading)修饰，修饰前面一整件事情，作为结果状语，语义正确。

　　总结：v+ing 的用法非常灵活，可以直接谓语部分，也可以修饰逻辑主语，甚至可以修饰整个句子。还可根据具体的语义不同，作不同的成分，例如“作伴随状语”或“作结果状语”等等。

　　例1：Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.

　　A. a greater proportion than it was

　　B. a greater proportion than

　　C. a greater proportion than they have been

　　D. which is greater than was so (B)

　　E. which is greater than it has been

　　题目释义：Soaring television costs accounted for … half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than in any previous election.

　　Soaring television costs主语，accounted for谓语，a greater proportion为同位语，修饰前面整个名词短语。

　　考点：

　　指代一致(Agreement)

　　1. which就近指代名词，不能指代完整的一句话;

　　2. it在文中，会继承被指代对象的特性，业即本文中，it 如果指代 a great proportion或者 the spending ，都继承了a great proportion或者 the spending 发生在presidential campaign of 1992的特性，造成比较的逻辑关系错误，要引以注意。

　　3. 比较对象的内容，时态关系，逻辑含义均要对等。

　　选项分析：

　　(A) it指代的是a greater proportion整个短语，错误，应该用that来指代proportion，但是因为只是名词短语的比较，that可以省略而不带任何歧义。

　　(B) Correct;原句补完整：Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than(the proportion)(television costs had accounted for of the spending)in any previous election;这个句子中只是单个名词(proportion)的比较，所以不需要考虑than后面补出主谓，只补出介词短语就够了，不用担心后面的介词短语in any previou election没有平行对象

　　(C) 现在完成时使用错误，in any previous election说明应用过去完成时;they指代soaring television costs，使逻辑意义错误，比较结构需要比较对象对等，前者为a great proportion 是一个量词不能和具体的费用对比，而且其他的election不一定是soaring的;同时have been与前面的accounted for不平行，只要也要用have done。

　　(D) Which不能指代前面整个idea;so用于省略重复的动作，使用错误。

　　(E) Which不能指代前面整个idea;it指代不清，且has been时态与后面的in any previous election不符。

　　例2：

　　Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced the central bank to intervene for the fourth time in a week.

　　(A) Both weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced

　　(B) Both concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and the growing fears of a rise in inflation weakened the country's currency, continuing its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced

　　(C) Both because it was weakened by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a raise in inflation, the country's currency continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing

　　(D) The country's currency, weakened both by concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and by growing fears of a rise in inflation, continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, forcing

　　(E) The country's currency, weakened by both concern about the government's agreement with the International Monetary Fund and growing fears of a raise in inflation, continued its slide to a record low against the dollar, which forced

　　考点: 平行对称(Parallelism) 有效用词(Diction)

　　1) which不能指代前面整个句子

　　2) both…and…结构一定要平行

　　(A) which不能指代句子;both…and 连接对象不平行，weaken by…与by…，应为weakened both by… and by…

　　(B) Both concern about the government’s agreement…and the growing结构不平行,应该改为 concern both about the government’s agreement… and the growing; 整个句子缺乏主语; 该句用了 both…and连接的并列名词短语concern与the growing fears作主语，谓语为weakened，分词结构 continuing…修饰对象有歧义;which不能指代整个句子

　　(C) both because…and by结构不平行,可以改为both because…and because

　　(D) 正确, both by…and by…结构平行; 使用伴随状语结构forcing the central bank…正确的表现了continued its slide…这个事件的伴随结果.

　　(E) which使用错误.

　　句子结构: …currency, weakened both by concern about…and by growing fears of…, continued…,forcing…

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